Prosecuting mothers of children born with problems due to the mothers Term Paper

Arraigning moms of youngsters brought into the world with issues because of the moms substance maltreatment during pregnancy - Term Paper Example In such manner, ingested psychoactive substances, for example, drugs have the capacity of inciting reliance simply like different types of addictive conduct, for example, betting. Because of the uncertainty of this term, clinical experts and analysts view fixation as a human conduct that spurred by feelings, going from desiring to impulse, proceeded with use despite the known unfriendly impacts and that outcome to an individual losing control (Henry and Ting, 2008). Concerning drug use, American Psychological Association utilizes substance use issue as an aggregate term for substance misuse and reliance (APA, 1994). Under reliance, APA (1994) distinguishes debilitated command over utilizing a substance as a significant segment. This infers a blend of conduct, subjective and mental side effects that demonstrate persistent utilization of the substance notwithstanding the subsequent medical issues cause by it (Henry, and Ting, 2008). Substance use in the general public is far reaching a nd one of the significant regions concern is its impact on pregnant ladies. Chiang and Loretta (1996) noticed that substance maltreatment in ladies is basic to those battling with destitution, vagrancy, psychological maladjustment viciousness and injury. In United States, SAMHSA (2009) reports that pregnant ladies are bound to take part in substance maltreatment than their non-pregnant partners in a similar age section. As indicated by SAMHSA (2009), 22% of pregnant ladies detailed utilizing cocaine contrasted with 17% of the individuals who were not pregnant. The pace of substance misuse, for example, amphetamines and cannabis in pregnant ladies surpass that of non-pregnant ladies. As per SAMHSA (2009), 21% of pregnant ladies utilized amphetamines contrasted with 13% of ladies who were not pregnant. In addition, 17% of pregnant ladies confessed to utilizing maryjane as their medication of decision contrasted with 13 % of the individuals who were not pregnant. Moreover, 18% pregnant ladies are probably going to look for clinical consideration on tranquilize related issues contrasted with 31% of their pregnant partners (SAMHSA, 2009). Substance maltreatment among pregnant ladies shifts with age and race in the United States. For example, white ladies are bound to smoke and use tobacco related items contrasted with the blacks and Hispanic ladies (SAMHSA, 2009). A normal of 25.7% of pregnant ladies matured from 15-25 smoke cigarettes contrasted and 10.6% of their pregnant partners matured from 26-44 years (SAMHSA, 2009). This example is reflected in liquor use among the pregnant ladies, whereby more youthful pregnant ladies have higher commonness rate contrasted with their more seasoned partners. In any case, liquor use among pregnant ladies is lower contrasted with their non-pregnant partners in the United States. Also, most pregnant ladies utilize more than one kind of medications (SAMHSA, 2009). As per MCFD (2003), one of the main sources of mental, mental and physical debilitations in kids is utilization of substances, for example, liquor, tobacco and other illicit medications by the pregnant moms. Various medications have assorted wellbeing confusions to the unborn youngster, and MCFD (2003), noticed that liquor is one of the most infamous medications that cause the serious wellbeing inconveniences. Substance use during pregnancy causes untimely birth, what's more present moment and long haul weaknesses. In any case, the impacts rely upon a few elements, including the wellbeing status of the mother, the amount and the sort of the medication that

Theory of Communication Free Essays

Contextual analysis Theory of Communication Introduction to Communication Good correspondence and relational abilities are crucial for achievement in business. The capacity to convey plainly and influentially is frequently observed as the key attribute of the powerful supervisor or executive. Significant level relational abilities are likewise fundamental in particular capacities, for example, promoting, human asset the executives, advertising and secretarial. We will compose a custom article test on Hypothesis of Communication or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now Correspondence is the methods by which singular representatives pass on their needs, thoughts and sentiments to other people,( not just chiefs or pros). Procedure of Communication Context Medium/Channel Message Feedback Noise Communication can be characterized as the procedure by which, thoughts, data, suppositions, demeanor, and feeling are passed on starting with one individual then onto the next. The communicator or sender is the individual who starts the discussion by communicating something specific. The collector is the individual who gets the messages and finishes the correspondence by reacting to it. Most correspondence is two way and must have both a sender and beneficiary, either up close and personal or by different methods, for example, phone, letters, messages and so on. Non-verbal communication likewise has a major impact in correspondence. Sender Encoding Collector Decoding Communication codes * Written language * Spoken language * Dress * Body language * Pictures, photos and realistic delineations. * Sign language, Braille. * Numbers * Computer language Communication Medium The medium is the methods used to transmit the message. Media can be classified into five headings; composed, oral, visual, electronic and mass. Set up media can give a composed account, can transfer complex data, can be painstakingly considered and missteps can be altered. It requires some investment to deliver and is more generic than discourse. * Letter * Report * Memo * Press Release * Company magazine Advertising pamphlet Oral media is more straightforward and individual, input is quick. Oral media can be upheld by non-verbal communication. Be that as it may, there might be no record of what is said and in the event that you state something you don’t mean you can't take it back. * Conversation up close and personal or phone * Interview * Meeting * Pres entation * Oral instructions Visual media can have a prompt effect, it can bolster verbal introductions. * Nonverbal * Diagrams * Charts * Photographs * Models Electronic media gives quick correspondence over significant distance, can convey both verbal and visual data. * Video * Telephone * E-mail * Internet Broad communications is a significant wellspring of data; it can arrive at countless individuals and can be utilized for promoting. * Television * Radio * Press * Film Channels of Communication The station is the air that conveys sound waves among speaker and audience, for example, * Television stations * Radio * Postal framework * Computer systems * Courier administrations * Telephone Barriers to Communication Effective correspondence is troublesome and botches are regularly made. We see this in regular day to day existence, we gripe when somebody doesn’t react to our messages in the manner we expect, they don't comprehend what we truly intended to state. In business, challenges with correspondence can cause interruption. Great business openings can be lost or awful administration choices made. A genuine breakdown in correspondence can put the eventual fate of an organization in danger. Correspondence blunders can never be totally disposed of. All things considered, we are probably going to be progressively fruitful communicators on the off chance that we know about the variables that cause correspondence to fall flat. A few impediments disrupt the general flow of correspondence and a portion of these can be maintained a strategic distance from or survive. Physical Barriers Among these hindrances are poor hearing or vision, ailment, tiredness, or stress. Different obstructions can be, interruptions, for example, an office that is excessively warm or excessively chilly, awkward seating, poor phone association or the commotion of traffic got notification from outside. On the off chance that an individual has a clinical issue this might be arranged by a visit to a specialist. On the off chance that the workplace is excessively hot or too chilly the indoor regulator might be modified and perhaps shutting the window would assist with shutting out the clamor. Language Barriers To pass on a message accurately it ought to be composed plainly in a language that the recipient will comprehend. Errors in spelling can hurt correspondence. Once in a while neighborhood language can disturb great correspondence; it might be adequate in a particular exchange or calling. Slang or nearby accents might be hard for pariahs to comprehend. Nonverbal Barriers Facial demeanor, stance and eye development all uncover our emotions and perspectives to the beneficiary. When there is struggle between a verbal and non verbal sign, it is the nonverbal sign that will in general be accepted. An individual may state that they are cordial and sure however this may be negated by apprehensive non-verbal communication. Poor Listening Good listening is regularly the most significant piece of correspondence. Listening give us a superior comprehension of different people perspective, keeps up kinships and helps business coordinated effort. When not listening appropriately, we frequently miss a significant point in a discussion. Issues with Perception is the way we comprehend ourselves and our general surroundings. We see the world through the faculties of sight, hearing, contact, taste and smell. We likewise have some physiological based observations, for example, impression of torment, heat, cold and so on. We have mental discernments, for example, musings, fantasies and dreams. The mind enrolls these various improvements and composes them into shapes and examples that we can comprehend. Errors can emerge on the off chance that we think others see things a similar way that we do ourselves. Frequently they don’t and this is a typical reason for correspondence disappointment. Attitudinal Barriers Stereotyping, preference and undesirable attribution are among the attitudinal obstructions that can harm our capacity to our capacity to relate adequately to other people. * Stereotyping: We generalization others when we expect they will carry on with a specific goal in mind in light of their appearance, job or a specific social gathering. We might be shocked to find that moderately dressed individuals have radical perspectives or that the huge individual wearing a studded coat and driving a Harley Davidson ends up being as delicate as a sheep. According to appearance gives an inadequate and frequently contorted image of what an individual is truly similar to. * Prejudice: Prejudice is a disposition of threatening vibe dependent on broken speculations, for example, generalizations. It might be aimed at people or gatherings. Partiality can be harming to interchanges if an individual accepts that someone else is mediocre, rebellious, compromising, not completely part of the network, etc. On the off chance that we consider someone else not as much as ourselves, we are probably not going to esteem what they need to state. Bias is frequently a piece of obliviousness yet perhaps better instruction will improve this. * Attribution:Even when we abstain from generalizing, we despite everything wrongly judge individuals on wobbly proof. We ought not tune in to what others state, this can here and there be deluding. Having a precise image of individuals is fundamental for successful correspondence, however it is something that must be developed gradually through time, understanding and normal contact. The Principles of Effective Communication As a Communicator 1. Contemplate your targets before imparting. What would you like to accomplish? Would you like to educate, convince, prompt or counsel the recipient? What sort of reaction do you want to get? At the point when you have responded to questions like these then you can consider the substance of the message and how you characterize it. 2. Put yourself in the communicator’s shoes. The receiver’s observation may not be equivalent to yours. They may think distinctively or have various sentiments. You may need to speak with consideration and affectability. 3. Pick the correct medium or mix of media. Challenges can emerge if an inappropriate medium is utilized. In the event that you attempt to depict a muddled procedure by discourse alone the crowd may not get it. A mix of words and illustrations may work better. 4. Sort out your thoughts and express them cautiously. Set aside some effort to structure your thoughts in a consistent arrangement. While picking your words, mull over the beneficiaries understanding and semantic capacity. Attempt to utilize words that the collector will comprehend. Utilize language reasonable to the correspondence occurring, casual language that might be utilized on the shop floor may not be appropriate or fitting for a conference. 5. Think about the unique situation, breakdowns in correspondence frequently happen in light of the fact that the recipient is given data at an inappropriate time or spot. Indeed, even significant messages can be overlooked if the beneficiary is occupied or distracted with something different. 6. Check for input, ensure your message has been gotten and comprehended. When talking up close and personal search for indications of puzzlement in your audience members, be set up to clarify if fundamental. Despite the fact that the primary duty regarding imparting a message rests with the sender, the collector additionally needs to tune in and ensure they comprehend and hand-off the message to the ideal individual. As a Receiver 1. Give the message your complete consideration. Numerous messages are misconstrued in light of the fact that the beneficiary isn't concentrating, they are wandering off in fantasy land, or there are such a large number of interruptions. 2. Decipher the message effectively. This requires exertion and appropriate tuning in, on the off chance that you are uncertain of what is said; request it to be rehashed. Check the significance of new words or references. In spoken correspondence listen effectively and with sympathy. Be alert for subtleties that may unobtrusively adjust the importance of the message. 3. Keep a receptive outlook, you ought not permit aversion of the communicator, or conflict with their convictions to impact your judgment. Make a target evaluation of the message regardless of what your relationship with

London, San Franciscoâ€and now Boston!

Boston opens its doors to Hult undergraduates. In an exciting new development, Hult is thrilled to announce that we will be expanding our undergraduate program to the east coast of the United States. Undergraduate students will now have a choice of not two, but three home campuses in London, San Francisco, and from 2018, Boston. From 2017 our Boston campus, currently only open to postgraduate students, will be available as a new undergraduate Summer Program location, meaning all current students will have the opportunity to study there. Opening as a new home campus in September 2018, Boston promises to be a very special addition to our undergraduate family. Now that Boston is on your radar—what should you know about this historic East Coast city? Here are just five of the reasons we think you should get excited about Hult Undergraduate’s expansion to Boston: A truly historic city Boston has long been an important player on the world stage. Birthplace of the American Revolution, and four U.S. presidents, it has always been politically and commercially important—and has a number of technological breakthroughs to its name. Still a mecca for innovators and thought leaders, the city attracts an unusually young and diverse population looking to make their mark on the world. The intellectual capital of the U.S. More than 50 colleges and universities call the greater Boston metropolitan area homeincluding Harvard and MIT. That means that some of the world’s brightest brains come together in the city, and Hult undergrads will be joining more than 250,000 students in studying, exploring and enjoying the hustle and bustle of ‘Beantown’. The perfect fit for entrepreneurs Boston may have a long educational history—but its approach to business is far from antiquated. Just this year the U.S. Chamber of Commerce released a report that ranked Boston as the Hult Rotation offers you a chance to study in a truly global way. Our rotation program allows you to study and be immersed in some of the finest cities in the world. 📠¸: @jasminmanzano . Hult Rotation offers you a chance to study in a truly global way. Our rotation program allows you to study and be immersed in some of the finest cities in the world. 📠¸: @jasminmanzano . Each year, Hult seeks to enroll a talented and ambitious incoming class from all over the world. We look for diverse students with a wide range of experiences, perspectives, and interests—students who will thrive in our unique educational atmosphere. Are you ready for a truly global experience? 📠¸: @iambrunadiniz . Each year, Hult seeks to enroll a talented and ambitious incoming class from all over the world. We look for diverse students with a wide range of experiences, perspectives, and interests—students who will thrive in our unique educational atmosphere. Are you ready for a truly global experience? 📠¸: @iambrunadiniz . We’re excited to start 2020 on a ranking high! Hult is proud to have been placed Hult Rotation offers you a chance to study in a truly global way. Our rotation program allows you to study and be immersed in some of the finest cities in the world. 📠¸: @jasminmanzano . Hult Rotation offers you a chance to study in a truly global way. Our rotation program allows you to study and be immersed in some of the finest cities in the world. 📠¸: @jasminmanzano . Each year, Hult seeks to enroll a talented and ambitious incoming class from all over the world. We look for diverse students with a wide range of experiences, perspectives, and interests—students who will thrive in our unique educational atmosphere. Are you ready for a truly global experience? 📠¸: @iambrunadiniz . Each year, Hult seeks to enroll a talented and ambitious incoming class from all over the world. We look for diverse students with a wide range of experiences, perspectives, and interests—students who will thrive in our unique educational atmosphere. Are you ready for a truly global experience? 📠¸: @iambrunadiniz . We’re excited to start 2020 on a ranking high! Hult is proud to have been placed #28 in Poets Quants 2020 rankings for Best Undergraduate Business Schools in the US. Taking a huge leap of 32 places from our 2019 position, we’re also very happy to have secured top positions in key categories like: life-changing experience, practicality of the degree, and global immersion. . With five global campuses, a student body of over 130 nationalities, and a learn-by-doing approach—Hult offers a student experience like no other. . We’re excited to start 2020 on a ranking high! Hult is proud to have been placed #28 in Poets Quants 2020 rankings for Best Undergraduate Business Schools in the US. Taking a huge leap of 32 places from our 2019 position, we’re also very happy to have secured top positions in key categories like: life-changing experience, practicality of the degree, and global immersion. . With five global campuses, a student body of over 130 nationalities, and a learn-by-doing approach—Hult offers a student experience like no other. . â€Å"I’m from an engineering background and needed a whole new skill set for the industry I wanted to switch to. I learned a lot about myself and how I deal with being out of my comfort zone. I learned both soft and hard skills, from how to work in very diverse teams to key accounting metrics and strategy. I was surprised by how weak I was at certain tasks in English or how strong I actually was in other areas. Hult gave me opportunities to try new things and meet people from places I never thought I would have friends. . My internship experiences gave me the chance to broaden my view of different cultures and different companies. I had the opportunity to work and live with people whose values differed from people in my home country. I thought that this would be difficult, but it gave me the chance to reflect on my own values and assess if they were a result of my home country environment or if they were intrinsically mine. . Diederick ter Kulve (@diederick.terkulve) Netherlands Masters in International Business . â€Å"I’m from an engineering background and needed a whole new skill set for the industry I wanted to switch to. I learned a lot about myself and how I deal with being out of my comfort zone. I learned both soft and hard skills, from how to work in very diverse teams to key accounting metrics and strategy. I was surprised by how weak I was at certain tasks in English or how strong I actually was in other areas. Hult gave me opportunities to try new things and meet people from places I never thought I would have friends. . My internship experiences gave me the chance to broaden my view of different cultures and different companies. I had the opportunity to work and live with people whose values differed from people in my home country. I thought that this would be difficult, but it gave me the chance to reflect on my own values and assess if they were a result of my home country environment or if they were intrinsically mine. . Diederick ter Kulve (@diederick.terkulve) Netherlands Masters in International Business . Say a big hello to our Bachelor of Business Administration program cover star, Elisa Orus Plana âÅ" ¨ . â€Å"I’m excited for the future—especially that I cant predict whats going to happen. Maybe Ill end up in Mexico working for a trading company or maybe in Africa, developing my own business. Everything is possible, and the options are constantly changing. I love the idea that Im never going to be stuck doing the same job until the end of my life if I dont want it to be like this. . Hult really supports me and my ambitions and truly believes that we deserve to be considered as professionals as well as students. Here, I get to express not just my opinions but all elements of myself. From my creative side with the Fashion Society to my finance and business sides in Trading Club and the Management Consulting Club. We get a different type of learning here. Not just essential knowledge and theory, but practical skills and mindset. The school is always evolving. We’re encouraged to innovate and to always look for new ways of doing traditional things. We learn how to be more confident and become aware of how we can impact our environment. The school aims to help you become a better version of yourself and to stand out from the crowd.â€Å" . Elisa Orus Plana French Bachelor of Business Administration Class of 2021 Say a big hello to our Bachelor of Business Administration program cover star, Elisa Orus Plana âÅ" ¨ . â€Å"I’m excited for the future—especially that I cant predict whats going to happen. Maybe Ill end up in Mexico working for a trading company or maybe in Africa, developing my own business. Everything is possible, and the options are constantly changing. I love the idea that Im never going to be stuck doing the same job until the end of my life if I dont want it to be like this. . Hult really supports me and my ambitions and truly believes that we deserve to be considered as professionals as well as students. Here, I get to express not just my opinions but all elements of myself. From my creative side with the Fashion Society to my finance and business sides in Trading Club and the Management Consulting Club. We get a different type of learning here. Not just essential knowledge and theory, but practical skills and mindset. The school is always evolving. We’re encouraged to innovate and to always look for new ways of doing traditional things. We learn how to be more confident and become aware of how we can impact our environment. The school aims to help you become a better version of yourself and to stand out from the crowd.â€Å" . Elisa Orus Plana French Bachelor of Business Administration Class of 2021"> During the final days of 2019, you probably reflected on what you’ve accomplished this year—and even this decade—and what you’d like to achieve in 2020. Let us know in the comments below. During the final days of 2019, you probably reflected on what you’ve accomplished this year—and even this decade—and what you’d like to achieve in 2020. Let us know in the comments below. â€Å"The first time we did group work on the program, I went head-to-head with a colleague. It taught me a lot about how I see people, how people see me, and how conflict can be resolved in a kind and productive way. The best feedback you get, when delivered constructively, is the most critical because it really feeds into how you lead. I’ve completely reversed my leadership style—the result is so much richer and more powerful when you lead from behind and lead with strength. . Studying in tandem with working, whilst challenging, gave me the perfect platform to directly apply learning concepts into my business environment, the competitive landscape, and the real-estate industry as a whole. When I started the program, I was very happy in my corporate role. But my courage and aspirations grew to the point that I took on a whole new direction. Having my career coach, Joanna, as a sounding board allowed me to really be strategic and get to know myself. She coached me thro ugh all the interviews, the research, and the questions. It went in parallel with what I was doing academically and after six months everything just clicked. . I went into the EMBA knowing I had nothing to lose and I’ve come out with everything. Great strength, global friends, amazing learning, mentors from professors, a job I love, and the knowledge that I can set my mind to achieve anything and with the right support and resources I’ll get there.† . Kashani Wijetunga British, New Zealand Sri Lankan Associate Director Senior Strategy Consultant CBRE EMBA Class of 2019 . â€Å"The first time we did group work on the program, I went head-to-head with a colleague. It taught me a lot about how I see people, how people see me, and how conflict can be resolved in a kind and productive way. The best feedback you get, when delivered constructively, is the most critical because it really feeds into how you lead. I’ve completely reversed my leadership style—the result is so much richer and more powerful when you lead from behind and lead with strength. . Studying in tandem with working, whilst challenging, gave me the perfect platform to directly apply learning concepts into my business environment, the competitive landscape, and the real-estate industry as a whole. When I started the program, I was very happy in my corporate role. But my courage and aspirations grew to the point that I took on a whole new direction. Having my career coach, Joanna, as a sounding board allowed me to really be strategic and get to know myself. She coached me thro ugh all the interviews, the research, and the questions. It went in parallel with what I was doing academically and after six months everything just clicked. . I went into the EMBA knowing I had nothing to lose and I’ve come out with everything. Great strength, global friends, amazing learning, mentors from professors, a job I love, and the knowledge that I can set my mind to achieve anything and with the right support and resources I’ll get there.† . Kashani Wijetunga British, New Zealand Sri Lankan Associate Director Senior Strategy Consultant CBRE EMBA Class of 2019 . â€Å"It was now or never. I knew that I’d have likely stayed in my neighborhood for years to come if I didn’t take this opportunity. I’d not lived or studied outside of the U.S. before. So I left my job as a global strategist at an advertising agency and moved halfway around the world. I’ve come back a more culturally aware, well-versed person. I’ve realized that everything is a learning experience and an opportunity for growth. Ill definitely carry this mindset with me into the future. Technology and social media allow us to be different people in several places at once. Im excited to see how I can establish myself in whatever city Ill be lucky enough to call home and still maintain deep connections with people all over the world. I’m inspired by my classmates every day. Hearing some of their life stories and how getting this degree fits into their greater mission has been very humbling. My biggest challenge has been finding the ‘right’ path for me. There have been rooms Ive felt like I shouldnt be in, but now Im proud to feel as though I truly belong, wherever I am.† . Dwayne Logan, Jnr. American MBA Class of 2019 . â€Å"It was now or never. I knew that I’d have likely stayed in my neighborhood for years to come if I didn’t take this opportunity. I’d not lived or studied outside of the U.S. before. So I left my job as a global strategist at an advertising agency and moved halfway around the world. I’ve come back a more culturally aware, well-versed person. I’ve realized that everything is a learning experience and an opportunity for growth. Ill definitely carry this mindset with me into the future. Technology and social media allow us to be different people in several places at once. Im excited to see how I can establish myself in whatever city Ill be lucky enough to call home and still maintain deep connections with people all over the world. I’m inspired by my classmates every day. Hearing some of their life stories and how getting this degree fits into their greater mission has been very humbling. My biggest challenge has been finding the ‘right’ path for me. There have been rooms Ive felt like I shouldnt be in, but now Im proud to feel as though I truly belong, wherever I am.† . Dwayne Logan, Jnr. American MBA Class of 2019 . Happy New Year, Hultians! . Happy New Year, Hultians! .

What is Injection Molding

School Profile University Of Alabama Essay - 1021 Words

School Profile: University of Alabama at Birmingham The University of Alabama at Birmingham is a four-year college that was established in 1936. This educational institution is actually one of the three colleges that make up the University of Alabama System. At any given time, around 19,000 students from over 100 countries are enrolled through the system. Each student may choose from 140 programs that are offered through 12 academic schools. This includes over 50 bachelor s degree, 45 master s degree and 35 doctoral programs. These academic divisions include the Schools of Business, Dentistry, Education, Engineering, Health Professions, Medicine, Nursing, Optometry and Public Health. Two popular graduate degrees include the Master of Science in Nursing program and the associated Doctor of Science in Nursing program. The university’s sponsored Health System is actually one of the largest academic medical centers in the country. Medical students can easily transfer to a medical specialty residency program in areas like surgery, radiology, neurology, anesthesiology and internal medicine. The University of Alabama System is the state’s largest employer of over 18,000 staff and faculty. When combined with the Health system, the university creates over 53,000 jobs. Experts estimate that the university provides up to 10 percent of all metropolitan jobs in the city. This generate up to five billion dollars for the state’s annual economy. The university has produced manyShow MoreRelatedMarie Dean Is The Person I Choose1237 Words   |  5 Pagesthe person I choose to write about for my profile essay. Marie is a very caring, hard-working, strong, and intelligent woman. She stands at 5’3 with long black curly hair and brown eyes. Over the past years she has shown me and my br other that with determination and perseverance you can accomplish anything you put your mind to. 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The Home Depot, Inc. free essay sample

The Home Depot sells a wide assortment of building materials and home-improvement and lawn and garden products, and they provide a number of services such as design and installation. The stores serve three different types of customers: (1) Do-It-Yourself(D-I-Y) customer, (2) Do-It-For-Me (D-I-F-M) customer and (3) the professional customer, such as home improvement contractors, building maintenance professionals, interior designers, and other professionals. The Home Depot has expanded its business by acquisitions in the same and other markets. Legally, the company consists of a set of companies: Home Depot, EXPO Design Center, Home Depot Floor Store, Home Depot Landscape Supply, Home Depot Supply, Home Depot Mexico, and Home Depot Canada. In December 2000 Bob Nardelli was appointed to be CEO of the Home Depot. The founders were hoping that with the new CEO the company could continue to grow. However he succeeded in doing so, there were also some negative changes within the company. Among the negative changes, since the appointment of Nardelli, was the change of the corporate culture. We will write a custom essay sample on The Home Depot, Inc. or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The orange-blooded culture made room for a culture of fear. The orange-blooded cultureemphasized individuality, informality, nonconformity, growth, and pride. The new culture under the management of CEO Nardelli emphasized on building a disciplined manager corps, one predisposed to following orders, operating in high-pressure environments, and executing with high standards. This resulted in a decrease in moral among the employees and thus a lower customer service index. Other negative changes were the Human Resource management, the Agency Problem and the store location. The work staff changed from 90% full-time employees to only 68% and employee turnover was extremely high. Nardelli’s new format at the annual shareholder’s meeting was strongly criticized as well as the drop in the stock price tied with the change in his earnings metrics. The many new stores that were opened sometimes cannibalized sales of other stores owned by the Home Depot. In this report we will create a thorough internal analysis by looking at the strengths and weaknesses of the Home Depot and with this information we will create an IFAS Table. IFAS Table We as a team discussed our findings in the case on the Home Depot and listed the strengths and weaknesses. Furthermore, we made an IFAS Table to measure its performance. We do this through weighting, rating and scoring each factor. The last column states a description of why this is a strength or weakness. Internal Factors| Weight| Rating| Score| Description| Strengths| | | | | Price amp; Supply| 0,25| 5| 1,25| Low price, no middle man cost, great sale results| Acquisitions| 0,15| 5| 0,75| Improve supply chain| CSR| 0,10| 4| 0,40| Environmentally aware and contribute to society| | | | | | Weaknesses| | | | | Agency Problem| 0,10| 2| 0,20| Changed earning metrics, new format meeting| Corporate Culture| 0,20| 2| 0,40| Orange-blooded culture turned into culture of fear| HRM| 0,10| 3| 0,30| Less full-time employees less experience employee turnover much too high| Store location| 0,10| 3| 0,30| Too suburban, 3 stores in 1 market area, cannibalization| | | | | | Total| 1,00| | 3,60| | As we can conclude from the table the company scores reasonably well with a total score of 3,60. This score is above company average standard, which is between 1 and 5 meaning 3. Even though, the Home Depot has some weaknesses and some negative changes have occurred since 2000, the company is performing reasonably well. Throughout the entire case we can see this in the high financial returns and the goals that are met. Weakness Agency Problem Earning Metrics Nardelli had changed the metrics of his compensation from according to the change in stock price to being based on the sales results. As we all know, a corporation’s prime goal is to maximize shareholders’ equity not sales, even profits. Nardelli was hired to work in the interests of the shareholders and should get compensations based on how well the share price went. After the change in the metrics, what did Nardelli work for? Who knows? The construction companies that built new Home Depot stores maybe. Under the new metric of earning, any manager could simply borrow money from the banks and build new stores and make acquisitions to enlarge sales volume which would not be necessarily good for the long-term growth of the company because getting bigger so rapidly leads to not only increasing revenue but also increasing costs in management and control, less centralization, more uncertainty, cannibalization, more complicated organizational structure that could cause problems in internal control and management and other negative effects of being big. However, under the new metrics, Nardelli didn’t have to think about those effects at all. That being so, who is still surprised about Home Depot’s sales performance going so well resulting in its stock price going down? Corporate Governance In such a big company like The Home Depot, there is usually a committee formed by independent directors to decide how much the CEO should be paid and more importantly how to calculate his bonus. Having 9 independent directors of 11 directors in the board, Home Depot didn’t have such a committee, or had one but didn’t take its responsibilities. More ridiculously, the CEO could decide how he was paid in this own wishes. At the annual shareholder’s meeting on May 2006, it happened so many strange things including Nardelli being the only director present, the time limit that each shareholder proposal was allow to be spoken and Nardelli’s refusal of answering questions. These were all evidences of poor corporate governance that made Nardelli able to work on his own interests much more than the interests of shareholders. Those non-management directors seemed not doing anything and receiving quite a good amount of compensation. Some even had been criticized being not independent enough. Corporate Culture The old culture and the new one were like two extremes. The old culture made employees working happily but too relax, which means not enough focus. The new military culture was even worse, making employees working with fear and hence declining their morale of working, eventually resulting in customer satisfactory going down. Lowe’s at the same time had grown a culture being demanding but low-profile, collaborative and collegial, which made their customers and employee very comfortable. Home Depot could have lost a number of customers to Lowe’s for this reason. Poor morale resulting from the new culture would also lead to more errors and mistakes in working hours. Like a former Home Depot stated which we agree, â€Å"Nardelli’s effort to measure customer service, instead of inspiring it, was to blame. † Store Location From 2000 and 2005, Home Depot opened more than 900 stores. During the fiscal 2005, the company opened 140 new Home Depot stores, including four relocations in the United States. Most of the U. S. Store opened in existing markets as the managements clustering strategy. However, the new store locations cased some problems. The management intentionally cannibalized sales of existing stores by opening two other stores in a single market area. According to management, approximately 20% of its stores were cannibalized by new stores in 2005. The older stores were being gradually replaced with new ones to add room for new merchandise, to increase selling space, and more parking areas. Since the company opened so many new stores, the store layout, appearance, and store productivity remains weak. Moreover, the new stores were located in suburban areas populated by members of the Home Depot target market. In a certain sense, the company will lose some potential customers, due to the location of the stores. Human Resource Management Human Resource Management could also be a weakness for Home Depot. The companys career development was formally addressed during semiannual performance reviews, with goals and development plans mutually set by employees and managers. Vacancy lists were prepared at the regional level and distributed to the stores. However, under Nardellis tenure, the employees were evaluated on the basis of four performance metrics: financial, operational, customer, and people skills. The employee population varied among stores, depending on size, sales volume, and the season of the year. Full-time employees had filled about 90% of the positions, but in 2005 filled only 68% of the positions. The decrease of full-employee employees lead to an increase of the employee turnover. In the first year of new stores operations, turnover could run 60% to 70% which was extremely high. The major causes of turnover were too many part-time employees who terminated for poor performance, and tradespeople who considered Home Depot an interim position, and students who returned to school. Recommendations Agency Problem For a big company that is included in Dow Jones Index such as The Home Depot, a well functioned compensation committee must not be missed in the system of corporate governance. We strongly recommend Home Depot organizing a compensation committee composed of independent directors that does its job seriously. As all the independent directors seemed not doing anything useful and some of them even had independence issues, we suggest shareholders propose a shareholders’ meeting and fire some of the independent shareholders that are possibly not sufficiently independent to the top management. The compensation included too much straight pays, too little for each meeting attended. We suggest the straight compensation dropping to $100,000 annually for each of the non-management directors, $50,000 cash and $50,000 stock units, and increasing payments for attending meetings to $5,000 for board meetings and $4,000 for committee meetings. If the above changes don’t work any reasons we could not foresee by now and the stock price of the company continues bearish, we suggest the shareholders fire Mr. Nardelli and change a CEO who has a record of working for the shareholders’ interests seriously. Corporate Culture Since the old also had obvious drawbacks, we would not recommend the culture going back to where it used to be. It would also be impossible since Nardelli had been such a military fan. Military culture does have its merits, building discipline and leading people working in good order. The suggestion here would be to hire more people that are military fans, either from schools, the society or from those retired soldiers. Moreover, solving such a number of retired soldiers’ employment, this would result in a good relationship with the government or even some government grants. The salary of the employees could be slightly higher than those who work in Lowe’s and other competitors. Although managing internally in a military way, it is not suggested to show a military atmosphere to customers because few people like to shop in an army. We cannot assure this would work because we don’t any examples of doing so in such a big firm. However, if it works, the outcomes could be surprisingly good, better customer service, a cool place to work at and good relationship with the government which is valuable in every country. Another piece of advice as an alternative is to combine the discipline of the military culture with the individuality, informality, nonconformity, growth, and pride that were emphasized in the old culture. Store Location Since Home Depot opened a large number of new stores, the store layout, appearance, and store productivity remains weak. The company should focus on the improvement of the store productivity by positioning well-trained employees and store managers into the new stores. Furthermore, the stores were placed in suburban areas which is not that convenient for a group of customers. We recommend the company to improve the online shopping service. Human Resource Management Since the employees changed from 90% full-time employees to only 68% and the employee turnover was extremely high. The high employee turnover hurts a companys bottom line. It will costs upwards of twice an employees salary to find and train a replacement, and it will damage morale among remaining employees. The company should embarked on decreasing turnover and increasing retention. We could recommend the following steps: * Hire the right people and concentrated on effective caress development. The company should have an ongoing career development program which is a continuing cycle. Always hiring the people that really fit wit the organization- the companys value, culture, goals, etc. Moreover, skill training program is also important, training is a necessary part that will ensuring employee loyalty and retention. * Level the percent of full-time and part-time employees. The company should hire less part-time employees to decrease the turnover. Part-time employees often leave if offered full-time employment by another company, and possibly creating turnover problem. However, full-time employees are more likely to develop company loyalty and improve the performance of the corporation. Conclusion After analyzing the case, we can see that The Home Depot, Inc. was a company with high net sales and extremely well ranking among the world. After Bob Nardelli appoint to be the CEO of the Home Depot, he has brought the company keep going well, even with some negative changes, as corporation culture modified and the change of human resource management. We believe that it is very necessary to reform the problems of the management. Especially about decrease the governance power of Bob Nardelli and organize a board of independent directors. Meanwhile, change the structure of employees is also should on the company’s plan list. However, the defects don’t outweigh the merits. We clearly see that the company remains a lot of strengths. Strong brand awareness and conscientious social responsibility help Home Depot to keep its good reputation; meanwhile, wise international strategy and low price make the company to maintain good revenue. We are not doubt the Home Depot will keep maintain its current strengths and with a bright future, but with these necessary changes will definitely make the company better.

Marriage as a Basic and Universal Social Institute

Table of Contents Introduction Changes in Marriage Reason for Changes Conclusion Works Cited Introduction Marriage and family are arguably the two institutes which form the fundamental building blocks of every human society. Sudha asserts that marriage is a basic and universal social institute that facilitates proper progeny and helps to have life long companionship and family life (198).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Marriage as a Basic and Universal Social Institute specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is through the institute of marriage that the continuity of a nation through the children is guaranteed and for this reason, marriage has been regarded with high esteem in our nation. The government has come up with benefits and other incentives aimed at benefiting married couples. However, there has been a notable change in marriage in our society over the course of the last few decades. Most of these chang es have been as a result of advancements in the society as well as changing practices. Some of these changes have been monumental and have threatened the very stability of the institute while others have had little effect. This paper will set out to articulate the changes that characterize marriage in our modern society. This shall be done by highlighting the differences in past trends and modern trends in marriage. The factors that are responsible for these changes shall also be reviewed and the plausible future of the marriage institute in the USA predicted. Changes in Marriage One of the most notable changes in marriages in the American setting is with regard to divorce rates. Ruggel states that marital dissolutions have increased dramatically over the last century and while only 5% of marriages entered into in 1987 ended in divorce, a phenomenal 50% of marriages entered into in 1967 are forecasted to end up in divorce (455). This dramatic rise in divorce rates has been blamed on a number of factors most notably of which are the increases in the earning power of women in the USA. A research by Ruggles on the rise in divorce and separation cases in the US revealed that in districts that had more women than men working there was a higher likelihood of divorce and separation occurring (464). Another trend that has become evident is the rise in premarital cohabitation. Cohabitation is whereby couple live together and have a joint economic and emotional relationship but without the legalization of their union. Reinhold notes that as of the year 2002, studies revealed that more than 50% of women aged 19-44 in the US had ever cohabited in their lives(3). At the onset of the 20th century, cohabitation was rare and the society to a large extent did not approve of it. The rise in premarital cohabitation has mainly been as a result of acceptance of the same by a majority of the American population.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Reinhold reveals that when cohabitation first emerged in the USA, it was mainly practiced by the less educated members of the society but that with time, the practice has extended to incorporate the American middle class(5). As such, this trend has become a precursor to marriage or in some cases a substitute for the same with couples preferring to not formalize their unions despite the numerous benefits that being in a marriage might bring. The gender roles that characterized marriages in the past years have changed and at over time, both sexes have come to adopt less traditional gender roles. The participation of women in the larger society was restricted and women were generally socialized to accept marriage and the subsequent family duties as the ultimate goals in their lives. In the past, the man was the sole bread winner and the woman’s role was mostly confined to taking care of the family. In modern tim es, this has changed and women have been afforded new opportunities in the society which has made them self-reliant. Sudha notes that women (especially in urban settings) are encouraged to get an education, engage in employment and even pursue politics all the while attending to the activities concerning marriage and family (198). While education and employment have resulted in a shift in marriage due to the changing gender roles, Goldstein and Kenney note that women continue to marry or join the marriage institute at the same high rates as in the past years (506) and as such, gender roles have only affected the roles of each party in the marriage and not the popularity of the institution. Goldstein and Kenney note that there has been a recent decline in period marriage rates in industrial societies as the number of marriages per annum have fallen dramatically (507). Studies reveal that while the annual rate of marriage among women in the United States remained at about 150 per thou sand in the 1960s, it fell to 110 per thousand in the mid 1970s and further fell to 100 per thousand by 1980 (Goldstein and Kenney 508). This delay in marriage has meant that couples are getting married at an older age and therefore starting up families later than in earlier days. The reasons for this are mostly the changes in society which have resulted in greater focus on the education of women. While in the past women were socialized to look at marriage as their ultimate goal, women now spend more time building careers and marriage therefore takes second place. A huge change in the marriage institute in America has been the recognition of same sex unions. While marriage has traditionally been prescribed as a union between heterosexuals, there has been a shift towards giving marriage rights to homosexual couples. This change has been brought about by the prevalence of homosexuality in the society and the widespread acceptance of gay relations.Advertising We will write a custo m essay sample on Marriage as a Basic and Universal Social Institute specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More While at the onset of the last century homosexuality was shunned and even criminalized, the 1960s saw many states making laws that decriminalized same-sex conduct and abolished discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation (Volokh 106). Gathering from this momentum, gay activists have been calling for the legalizing of gay marriages and the affording of gay couples the same rights and benefits as their heterosexual counterparts. One of the factors that differentiate the United States from most other countries is its racial diversity. This is because the US citizenry is made up of a number of varying races ranging from Caucasians to Asians. Marriage is one of the institutes which have experienced changes as a result of this racial diversity. A report by the CNN indicates that interracial marriages have continued to rise since mid 1 980s and are at an all time high (Chen). These results are reinforced by Pollard and O’Hare who note that â€Å"between 1970 and 1998, the number of interracial couples surged from 300,000 to 1.4 million† (12). This is different from the pre 1960s where interracial marriages were rare. Racist marriage legislations put in place after slavery and the Civil War dictated that marriage was not a right of US citizens and therefore validated the constitutionality of racist bans of marriage. Post 1960 saw a change in this as this racist law was abolished and interracial marriages became acceptable. Reason for Changes While the essence of marriage (companionship and family continuity) still remain in today’s society, the standards at which this once prestigious institution is held has changed significantly. The question that is left wanting is: what has led to the dramatic change as regarding to how people in today’s society view marriage? Well, change as a matter of fact is inevitable and as people pursue their dreams and ambitions, sacrifices have to be made and compromises negotiated so as to meet the demands of today’s society. According to Reinhold, cultural erosion has contributed greatly to the changes in today’s society (14). Not only has this erosion affected marriage, but is has also affected religion and the morality of the human race. As mentioned earlier, religion and cultural beliefs played a pivotal role in the survival and continual growth of communities.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These cultural norms and beliefs acted as laws which governed and stipulated the roles that each gender had to play in society. Nonconformity was severely punished. As such, marriage was perceived as a religious rite of passage and each person in the bond had to respect the institution and do their part without fail. However, as generations go by, the value of culture reduces. Today, only a few people follow their culture or believe in what they represented. Consequently, the value attached to marriage has decreased significantly. For example, before, fornication was viewed as a serious offence and the perpetrators would face serious consequences and would bring shame to people from their communities; especially their families. In today’s society, the role of sex has changed and the act is no longer confined to the married couples as it was in the earlier days (Reinhold 16). Whereas, sex was formally a sacred practice between married couples primarily for the purpose of procr eation, today, it has lost it’s meaning and value to the extent that one woman can have multiple sex partners without fear or worry. In this regard, marriage has changed because the women were originally supposed to remain faithfully married to one man until death. In addition, globalization has been documented as one of the leading reasons as to why marriage has changed (Chen). Chen states that as people from different localities go beyond their geographic boundaries in search of greener pastures, they end up adopting the mannerisms that they are exposed to in the host nations. As such, marriage is no longer instituted to people of the same clans as it was earlier on. Interracial and intertribal marriages are rife in today’s society and this is all due to globalization. As the cost of living escalates, people have been forced to join together so as to meet their daily needs. As such, financial constraints have also led to a change in marriages today. Many have argued that marriage in today’s society is no longer a matter of love and companionship but is more of a contract or business agreement. In the earlier decades, women had no choice/say in matters regarding to their marriage partners. However, this has changed significantly. Today, financial stability plays a pivotal role in the selection process of a marriage partner. Most women and men would rather marry a partner that is financially sound than a partner who is living a hand to mouth lifestyle. What is most surprising is that love plays a small role in most marriages today. All that is required is having a mutual understanding between the partners. They state their expectations before hand and if an agreement is reached, then the couple can wed. This would explain why the divorce rates are high in the world today. According to Ruggles, many marriages especially among the younger generations do not reach the ten year mark (462). Some of the contributing factors to this state of affa irs include but are not limited to: financial constraints, unfaithfulness, lack of commitment (inability to fully meet one’s responsibilities) and conflicts among the spouses (Ruggles 459). Divorce was never an option in most communities in the past. However this changed due to laws which were instituted making divorce a viable option to people in difficult marriages. Sudha states that dialogue used to be used as a tool to resolve marital issues (46). People had no choice but to come to an agreement. In so doing, the children grew up in a family where both parents were present. This union acted as an example through which the children grew to respect and follow even after getting married. However, today, parents no longer concentrate on imparting family values to their children. In some cases, parents argue and fight in the presence of their children making marriage look like a bad thing. In addition, dialogue no longer suffices since divorce is an easier option. As a result, whenever the children become of age and get married, they have this predetermined mentality of marriage. They end up divorcing because that is what they learned during their childhood. The media has also contributed to the change in marriages today. Divorce has risen significantly partly due to its popularization by the media (Ruggles 456). In addition, movies and music aired in various media outlets. This forms of entertainment most often bring to light infidelity, â€Å"gold digging† (marriage for financial reasons), and domestic violence as the main characteristics of marriage. In America alone, nearly 90% of the citizenry is exposed to this negative media in one way or the other. Over exposure to such publicity leads to a situation where everyone raises or lowers the expectations of marriage. As such, many people do not marry the person they are betrothed to but that imaginary personality that they have constructed under the influence of the media. Conclusion Marriage is no longer as strong an institution as it used to be. Instead of bringing pride and respect to the married couples, it has in the recent past, been a source of shame and regrets to many. The various factors that have led to the change in how we perceive marriage have been highlighted. How marriage was in the past compared to today, has also been discussed. However, marriage still plays a pivotal role to the lives of many people. As such, individuals should try and make sure that they marry for the right reasons and to the right person. In so doing, marriage will restore its former glory as a hub for love and prosperity even to the generations to come. Works Cited Chen, Stephanie. Interracial Marriages at an all-time high, study says. 04 June, 2010. Web. Goldstein, Joshua and Kenney, Catherine. â€Å"Marriage Delayed or Marriage Forgone? New Cohort Forecasts of First Marriage for U.S. Women.† American Sociological Review, 66. August, 2001. Print. Pollard, Kelvin and O’H are William. â€Å"America’s Racial and Ethnic Minorities.† A publication of the Population Reference Bureau, 54.3 1999: 12. Print. Reinhold, Steffen. Reassessing the Link between Premarital Cohabitation and Marital Instability. 20 Dec 2007. Web. Ruggles, Stephen. â€Å"The Rise of Divorce and Separation in the United States, 1880 – 1990.† Demography, 34. 4, November 1997: 455-466. Print. Sudha, D. Gender Roles. USA: APH Publishing, 2000. Print. This essay on Marriage as a Basic and Universal Social Institute was written and submitted by user Elena F. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.